References

See below for all references and links to our symptoms guides.

Low Back Pain

Seffinger, M. and Hruby, R., 2007. Evidence Based Manual Medicine – A Problem Based Approach. Philadelphia, Elselvier.

Magee, D. Zachazewski, J. and Quillen, W., 2009. Pathology and Intervention in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Missouri, Elselvier.

Deyo, R. and Weinstein, J., 2001. Low Back Pain. New England Journal of Medicine, vol 344, pp363-370.

National Institute of Neurological Disorders (2015). Low Back Pain Guidelines, available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/backpain/detail_backpain.htm#282313102.

Licciardone et al (2006). Osteopathic manipulative treatment for low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2005; 6: 43. Available at, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1208896/.

Furlan, A. Immamura, M. Dryden, T. and Irvin, E., 2008. Massage for low back pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. [online], available at, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001929.pub2/abstract.

Rubenstein, S. M., et al (2013). Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low back pain, [online], available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD008112.pub2/abstract

Choi et al (2010). Exercises for prevention of recurrences of back pain. Cochrane Library, available at, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006555.pub2/abstract.

Sciatica

NICE Guidelines (2016). Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management. Available at https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng59/

NICE Guidelines (2018). Sciatica (lumbar radiculopathy), available at https://cks.nice.org.uk/sciatica-lumbar-radiculopathy#!scenario

Carnes, M, & Vizniak, N. (2011). Conditions Manual. Professional Health Systems, Canada.

Leininger, B. et al (2011). Spinal Manipulation or Mobilization for radiculopathy: A Systematic Review. Phys Med Clin Rehabil Clin N Am, Volume 22, Issue 1, Pages 105 – 125.

Shoulder Pain

Norlander et al (1997).  Reduced mobility in the cervico-thoracic motion segment.  A risk factor for musculoskeletal neck-shoulder pain.  A two year prospective follow up study.  Scand J Rheum Med,  29:167-174.

Levangie, P. and Norkin, C. (2005) Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis (4th ed). F. A. Davis, Philadelphia.

Seffinger, M. and Hruby, R, (2007).  Evidence Based Manual Medicine – A Problem Based Approach.  Philadelphia, Elselvier.

NICE Guidelines, (2017).  Shoulder Pain.  Available at; https://cks.nice.org.uk/shoulder-pain#!backgroundSub

Elbow Pain

Carnes, M, & Vizniak, N. (2011). Conditions Manual.  Professional Health Systems, Canada.

Souza, T. (2009).  Differential Diagnosis and Management for the Chiropractor.  4th ed, Jones and Bartlett, Sudbury.

NICE, 2015.  Tennis Elbow, Scenario; Management.  Available at; http://cks.nice.org.uk/tennis-elbow#!scenario

Smidt et al, 2002.  Corticosteroid injections, a physiotherapy, or a wait and see policy for lateral epicondylitis, a randomised controlled trial.  Lancet; 359, pp657-662

Green S, Buchbinder R, Barnsley L, Hall S, White M, Smidt N, Assendelft WJJ. Acupuncture for lateral elbow pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD003527. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003527

Hip and Thigh Pain

Levangie, P. and Norkin, C. (2005) Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis (4th ed). F. A. Davis, Philadelphia.

Souza, T. (2009).  Differential Diagnosis and Management for the Chiropractor.  4th ed, Jones and Bartlett, Sudbury.

Magee, D. Zachazewski, J. and Quillen, W., 2009. Pathology and Intervention in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Missouri, Elselvier.

Carnes, M, & Vizniak, N. (2011). Conditions Manual. Professional Health Systems, Canada.

Brukner, P. and Khan, K. (2007).  Clinical Sports Medicine (3rd Ed).  McGraw Hill, Sydney.

Strauss EJ, Nho SJ, Kelly BT (2010). Greater trochanteric pain syndrome. Sports Medicine Arthroscopy, 18(3), pp.112-119.

Wyss J, Patel A (2012).Therapeutic Programs for Musculoskeletal Disorder: Demos Medical Publishing.

Peter WF,et al; Guideline Steering Committee – Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis. Physiotherapy in hip and knee osteoarthritis: development of a practice guideline concerning initial assessment, treatment and evaluation. Acta Reumatol Port. 2011 Jul-Sep;36(3):268-81.

Foot and Ankle Pain

Carnes, M, & Vizniak, N. (2011). Conditions Manual.  Professional Health Systems, Canada.

Magee, D. Zachazewski, J. and Quillen, W., 2009. Pathology and Intervention in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Missouri, Elselvier.

Vuurberg G, Hoorntje A, Wink LM, et al. (2018). Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ankle sprains: updae of an evidence-based clinical guideline, Br J Sports Med;52:956.

Rathleff, M. S., Mølgaard, C. M., Fredberg, U. , Kaalund, S. , Andersen, K. B., Jensen, T. T., Aaskov, S. and Olesen, J. L. (2015), HL strength training and plantar fasciitis. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 25: e292-e300.

Brukner, P. and Khan, K. (2007).  Clinical Sports Medicine (3rd Ed).  McGraw Hill, Sydney.

Neck Pain and Headaches

Brukner, P. and Khan, K. (2007).  Clinical Sports Medicine (3rd Ed).  McGraw Hill, Sydney.

Bogduk, N. Mercer, S. (2000).  Biomechanics of the cervical spine, normal kinematics.  Clinical Biomechanics, 15, pp 633-648.

Narayan, P. Haid, R. (2001).  Treatment of degenerative cervical disc disease.  Neurol Clin, 19, pp217-229.

Vendrig A, et al. (2000). Results of a multimodal treatment program for patients with chronic symptoms after a whiplash injury of the neck. Spine, 25 (2): p.238–244 (4).

Teasell RW. Et al, (2010). A research synthesis of therapeutic interventions for whiplash-associated disorder (WAD): Part 2 – interventions for acute WAD. Pain Res Manage; 15(5):295-304.

Carnes, M, & Vizniak, N. (2011). Conditions Manual. Professional Health Systems, Canada.

Seffinger, M. and Hruby, R., 2007.  Evidence Based Manual Medicine – A Problem Based Approach.  Philadelphia, Elselvier.

Knee Pain

Levangie, P. and Norkin, C. (2005) Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis (4th ed). F. A. Davis, Philadelphia.

Magee, D. Zachazewski, J. and Quillen, W., 2009. Pathology and Intervention in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Missouri, Elselvier.

Tidy, C. (2014). Osteoarthritis patient information leaflet. Available at, http://patient.info/health/osteoarthritis-leaflet

Rutges et al (2010). Therapetic ultrasound for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. Available at, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003132.pub2/abstract.

French et al (2010). Manual therapy for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: A systematic review. Manual Therapy, Vol 16, 2, pp109-117.

ransen et al (2015). Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee. Available at, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004376.pub3/abstract.

Pregnancy Pain

National Council for Osteopathic Research (2012).  Osteopathic management of patients during pregnancy.  Online at; https://www.ncor.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Osteopathy-and-Pregnancy.pdf

National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2017). Antenatal care for uncomplicated pregnancies.  Online at;  https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg62.

Osteoarthritis

Versus Arthritis”What is arthritis?” Available at, https://www.versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/arthritis/.

Magee, D. Zachazewski, J. and Quillen, W., 2009. Pathology and Intervention in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Missouri, Elselvier.

NCOR, (2018). Exercise therapy in the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis.  Available at;  https://www.ncor.org.uk/cfrs/exercise-therapy-in-the-management-of-hip-and-knee-osteoarthritis/

NICE Guidelines (2018).  Osteoarthritis, Clinical Knowledge Summaries, available at; https://cks.nice.org.uk/osteoarthritis#!scenario

Running Injuries

Taunton JE, Ryan MB, Clement DB, McKenzie DC, Lloyd‐Smith DR, Zumbo BD. (2002).  A retrospective case‐control analysis of 2002 running injuries. Br. J. Sports Med; 36(2): 95–10

Malisoux, Laurent et al. (2014).  A step towards understanding the mechanisms of running-related injuries.  Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, Volume 18, Issue 5, 523 – 528.

Gallo, R. A., Plakke, M., & Silvis, M. L. (2012). Common leg injuries of long-distance runners: anatomical and biomechanical approach. Sports health, 4(6), 485–495.

Komi PV. Relevance of in vivo force measurements to human biomechanics. J Biomech. 1990;23(suppl 1):23-34

Levangie, P. and Norkin, C. (2005)  Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis (4th ed).  F. A.  Davis, Philadelphia.

Magee, D. Zachazewski, J. and Quillen, W., 2009. Pathology and Intervention in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Missouri, Elselvier.

Taunton J. Ryan M. Clement D. McKenzie D. Lloyd-Smith D. Zumbo B. (2002).  A retrospective case-control analysis of 2002 running injuries.  British Journal of Sports Medicine, 36, 95-101.

Carnes, M, & Vizniak, N. (2011). Conditions Manual.  Professional Health Systems, Canada.

Souza, T. (2009).  Differential Diagnosis and Management for the Chiropractor.  4th ed, Jones and Bartlett, Sudbury.

Van Leeuwen, B.  Rogers,  J.  Winzenberg,  T. et al (2016).  Higher body mass index is associated with plantar fasciopathy/‘plantar fasciitis’: systematic review and meta-analysis of various clinical and imaging risk factors Br J Sports Med;50:972-981.

Fredericson M., Cookingham C. L., Chaudhari A. M., Dowdell B. C., Oestreicher N., Sahrmann S. A. (2000).  Hip abductor weakness in distance runners with iliotibial band syndrome. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 10(3):169–175